Basic functionality

Variables

int inch;
bool answer=true;

Fundamental types

• integral: boolean (bool), character (char), integer (int)
• arithmetic: floating-point (double), integral types
• user-defined types: enumeration (enum) and classes
• absence of information (void)

from these, you can construct:

• pointer types (int*, char*,…)
• arrays (int[], char[], …)
• reference (double&), data structures

Operators

• arithmetic: +, -, /, *, %
• comparison: ==, !=, <, >, <=, >=
• ‘put to’: <<
• ‘get from’: >> — type accepted depends on the right-hand operand

Tests (conditionals)

// simple function that asks user to proceed
bool accept() {
    cout << “Do you want to proceed (yN)?\n”;
    char answer=0;
    cin >> answer;

    if (answer == ‘y’) return true;
    return false;
}

// more complex function, with a switch statement
bool accept2() {
    cout << “Do you want to proceed (yN)?\n”;
    char answer=0;
    cin >> answer;
    switch (answer) {
    case ‘y’:
        return true;
    case ’n’:
        return false;
    default:
        cout << “Whatever, it’s a no.\n”;
        return false;
    }
}

Loops

while (condition) {
    // execute code
    // opt. increment iterator
}

for (int i=0; i<10; i++) {
    // execute code
}

Pointers & arrays

• array declaration:

  char v[10];    // array of 10 chars, with 0 as lower bound
  

• pointer declaration:

  char* p;    // pointer to a char element
  

• setting a pointer:

  p = &v[3];    // p points to address of index 3 of array v